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Fun things to do with Glycerine

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What is Glycerine:

Glycerine (glycerin) is a sweet, colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is widely used in laboratories, industry, around the home, making soaps and cosmetics and umpteen other uses. As well as serious applications it can also be used for many fun experiments and below is just a few that you can try out at home, in school or even at work.

List of Fun experiments with glycerin

  • Making your own snow globes.
  • Creating giant soap bubbles
  • Preserving branches
  • Making Lip balm and Lip gloss
  • How to make glass disappear and reappear
  • The Potassium Permanganate and Glycerine Exothermic Reaction
  • Bread clay

Making you own snow globes:

What you will need:

  • Glycerine.
  • An empty glass jar with a leak proof lid. You can use a jam jar or a larger one if you wish.
  • A figurine, a toy etc Make sure that it is not going to be damaged sitting in water and that it will fit in the jar.
  • Water.
  • Glitter (any colour you like).
  • Waterproof glue.
  • Food colouring (optional)

Remove the lid from the jar and glue the figurines etc to the inner side of the lid. Set it aside and allow to dry fully.

Turn the jar, right side up and pour in a few teaspoons of glycerine. Then half fill with water, stir thoroughly to ensure that the glycerin is full dissolved and add the glitter and food colouring: Finally fill up the jar with more water to about an inch from the top.

When the glue has dried on the lid, carefully place the lid on the jar avoiding hitting the glued-on object from being damaged as it is immersed in the liquid. You should see some water overflowing from the jar which is fine as you do not want any air in the snow globe. Tighten as tight as possible. Turn your jar onto its lid and check that no water is leaking. If there is any leaking you will need to remove the lid and apply some glue into the groves so that it seals it properly.

Creating Giant soap bubbles:

This is a cheap and highly enjoyable way to make your own soap bubbles that will keep children and adults entertained for hours. It makes excellent entertainment at parties, fairs, days out in the park or just in the privacy of your own back garden. It is also a great experiment to try at school to help teachers explain the chemistry and physics of bubbles.

What you will need:

  • 5Litres of water
  • 500mls of good quality washing up liquid.
  • 50mls of clear glycerine
  • A bucket
  • A plastic paddling pool or other large shallow container
  • coat hangers or a hula hoop
  • For enormous bubbles you will need 2 bamboo canes, 2 pieces of light string (one longer than the other) 2 eye hooks, a pair of pliers and 2 or 3 fishing shot weights.

Make up the solution in a bucket by slowly adding and mixing the detergent and glycerine into the water avoiding too much agitation so as not to produce foam. For the best quality bubbles you should let the solution rest for a day or so. The glycerine is used to improve the quality and longevity of the bubbles.

For simple, smaller bubbles you can use virtually any object with one or more holes in it. Try using a tennis racket, a kitchen whisk, cake shape cutters, a bubble pipe, or just a piece of wire in the shape of a circle.

For large bubbles pour the soap bubble solution into a small paddling pool or similar. Use a hula hoop to produce the bubbles by laying it flat in the liquid for a few seconds and then lifting it out slowly. Hold it flat and then quickly raise it, tilting it towards you to produce the bubble. Alternatively take a coat hanger and shape it into circle using the curved end as a handle.

For the super sized bubbles take 2 bamboo canes and screw two eye hooks into one end of each of the canes. Tie a length of light string to each of the eyes and then tie a second, about 2/3 the length of the first string to the sames eyes. The length of strings can be as long as you like and the longer they are the bigger the bubbles will be. It is necessary to add some weight to the longer piece of string and this can easily be achieved by using a few small fishing shot weights attached to the centre of the string using a pair of pliers. To produce the bubbles dip the ends of the bamboo with the string attached into a bucket of the soap solution. Lift it out and pull the bamboo canes apart so that you have a triangular shape of string in front of you. Step backwards and as the air passes through the string the bubble forms. It will take some practice to get the perfect bubble but once you have mastered it you will have endless fun.

Preserving Tree Branches, flowers and leaves:

  1. Cut branches when colour begins to change, before the leaves are completely tinted. (Fully turned leaves are too dry and brittle.) Beech, oak, wild apple, mountain ash and copper beech are well suited for this method of preservation.
  2. Use a solution of 2 parts water to 1 part glycerine. The amount needed depends on the size of the branches. (The stems must be in liquid to a depth of 3 to 4 inches.)
  3. Trim off any small twigs at the bottom of the branch. Slit the bottom of each stem with a sharp knife to 3 or so inches.
  4. Next, bruise the stalks with a hammer.
  5. Arrange the branches in a container of the water/glycerine mixture and place in a cool room for a week to ten days. The leaves will last for years! Makes great centerpieces and displays.
  6. You can do the same thing to preserve flowers, grasses and leaves and any other vegetation that you want to display or just keep for fun.

How to make your own Lip Balm and Lip Gloss:

You can make your own lip gloss easily with a few basic ingredients including glycerine. Glycerin is used in many cosmetic products as it is a natural moisturiser helping to keep lips and skin supple and hydrated.

What you will need

  • Glycerine (1 teaspoon)
  • Coconut oil or beeswax (7 grams)
  • vegetable oil  (4 tablespoons)
  • Natural food colouring (optional)
  • Natural food flavouring oils used in cake making. (5 drops)
  • Microwave safe dish
  • Glass jar
  • Hand whisk

Place the glycerine and beeswax / coconut oil in a dish and heat in a microwave until a clear solution is produced. Carefully lift out the hot dish and beat the solution with a hand whisk until a creamy mixture. Add in the glycerine, the food flavouring and colouring if desired and continue mixing until all the ingredients are fully blended. Cool down and store in a sealable glass jar.

When choosing you flavouring avoid using alcohol based products and look for essential oil types. You can look for fruity, minty, vanilla flavourings which all work well. Other types of essential oils like tea tree oil and rosemary have healing benefits.

How to make a piece of glass disappear and reappear:

If you take a piece of glass and drop it into a beaker of water we can clearly see it but if we place the same piece of glass in a beaker of Glycerin it will completely disappear. Now if you warm the beaker of glycerine the piece of glass starts to become clearly visible again. Why?

A better illustration of this experiment – Fill up a small narrow glass bottle with glycerine. Half fill a glass bowl or large drinking glass with water. Immerse the bottle of glycerin into the water and you can see the bottle quite clearly. Now empty out the water, dry the bowl and half fill with more glycerine. Now see what happens when you immerse the bottle of glycerine into the bowl – the bottle disappears….now that’s chemistry magic!!

Everyone knows that when you place a pencil in a beaker of water the pencil looks like it is bent and distorted. This is because of a property of light called refraction. Refraction causes light to bend when it passes from one substance into another, in this case from air to water. Since light travels slower in water than in air, water is said to have a greater optical density and refractive index.

Similarly when the piece of glass is dropped in the water the light travels slower through the glass than through the water and we can clearly see it as easily as if it was sitting on our hand.

In the case of glass and glycerol, these two have very similar refractive indexes (approx 1.47) and light passing through both mediums will bend the light by the same amount and there is no change in the path of light rays passing through both the mediums. Because of this we cannot detect the presence of piece of glass in the glycerin and hence the piece of glass looks invisible for our eyes. When we heat the glycerine the refractive index of the glass changes and light passes through it faster as if it were passing through water. Now the refractive indexes of the glycerine and glass are different and the light is bent through the glass making the glass visible.

The Potassium Permanganate and Glycerine Exothermic Reaction:

Please Note – this experiment is potentially hazardous producing fire and gas and must only be done by experienced adults in a safe controlled environment, either in a fume cupboard or outdoors. Always make sure that a bucket of sand is at hand to control the fire if necessary.

The experiment illustrates the oxidising power of potassium permanganate and that glycerine is a carbohydrate, a good source of energy. It also shows how an exothermic reaction occurs creating heat and light spontaneously from 2 chemicals.

What you will need

  • A pestle and mortar
  • A ceramic dish
  • A dropper
  • Potassium permanganate
  • Glycerin

First weigh out about 10g of potassium permanganate crystals and grind up to a very fine powder. Wear suitable personnel protection equipment to prevent inhaling any of the fine powder. Then place in a small pile in the centre of a ceramic dish and carefully using a dropper place 5 drops of glycerine into the centre of the pile. After less than a minute smoke will start appearing as the reaction begins and all of a sudden it will burst into a bright purple flame.

Making bread clay:

Making bread clay is simple yet fun to do for children of all ages. It can be moulded into all sorts of sizes and shapes and painted.

what you will need:

  • 6 slices of white bread with crust removed.
  • PVA glue (6 tablespoons)
  • Glycerine (2 tablespoons)
  • Food colouring (optional)
  • Mixing bowl.

Break up the bread in a bowl and add the PVA glue. Knead the mixture until a uniform paste is formed. Add the glycerine and food colouring and continue blending. Remove the paste and cut into desired shapes either using cookie cutters or moulding into your own shape. Brush the shape with an equal mixture of glue and water for a glossy finish. Allow to dry overnight before painting with acrylic paints.

Where to Buy Glycerine BP online UK

Where to buy glycerine GR Grade


What is Perfumers Alcohol and how is it used

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Perfumers Alcohol is a special formulation which can be used by both professionals and amateurs who wish to make perfumes. It allows the simple addition and blending of essential oils and fragrances to produce crystal clear solutions.

Perfumers alcohol is also used in the production of DIFFUSER OILS.

The blended solutions remain clear and free from cloudiness.

The 3 main ingredients of perfumers alcohol are:

  1. Ethanol (denatured) –Alcohol which is the main carrier for the fragrance oils. This evaporates quickly as it is warmed by skin temperature releasing the fragrances evenly over the surface.
  2. Isopropyl myristate – used in preparations where good absorption is desired.
  3. Monopropylene glycol – a cosolvent which allows the fragrance oils to be solubilised in the alcohol carrier. This helps to control the evaporation of the alcohol so that it does not flash off too quickly.

 

How to use Perfumers Alcohol

Using these perfumery methods will help you take your homemade fragrances to a more professional level, in fact, if you use these techniques, you could actually sell your end result! The basic professional perfume making process is the same as the amateur perfuming process, but the materials are not.

  • Perfumer’s alcohol makes a great solvent for even the most resinous oils. It is what all commercial perfumes are made with, except some boutique brands that make roll-on scented oil or solid perfume.
  • Use different fragrance materials, not only essential oils. There are many more fragrance materials available other than essential oils. If you only use essential oils, you limit your perfume blending possibilities. It’s like wanting to paint a mural, but only having red and yellow paint.
  • In addition to essential oils, there are also absolutes, fragrance oils, and isolated aroma chemicals, all supplying scents that can’t be produced with essential oils.

Absolutes are stronger and smell more like the plant than essential oils, and are used extensively in perfumery. Some plants are too delicate to be pressed or steam-distilled; making an essential oil out of them is impossible. Jasmine is one of these plants. The absolutes are expensive, but a little goes a long way. They are much more concentrated than essential oils.

Fragrance oils, despite what you may have heard, aren’t merely cheap substitutes for essential oils. They are a completely different spectrum of scent, containing a combination of absolutes, essential oils, and synthetic aroma chemicals. Fragrance oils give you access to scents that you can’t get naturally, for example strawberry, peach, and watermelon.

Fragrance oils also have the benefit of being skin-safe (as long as you get cosmetic grade.) If you want to create an entire line of perfume and bath and body products in a favourite scent, you can use the same skin-safe fragrance oil to scent all of them.

Aroma chemicals are isolated fragrance molecules that are either synthetically produced or refined from plant sources. For example, the compound vanillin is what gives vanilla its characteristic odour and flavour. Artificial vanilla flavour is usually pure synthetic vanillin. Natural vanilla has many more compounds than just vanillin, which is why it tastes better!

Strawberry fragrance oil, one of the most sought-after scents in the cosmetic and fragrance industry, is a combination of strawberry aldehyde (Ethyl methylphenylglycidate) and other compounds to round out the scent.

Using Fixitives

Use fixatives in your perfume. If you’ve experimented with essential oils such as mint and bergamot, you’ve probably noticed that they disappear within an hour. This is because they evaporate quickly, aided by the heat of your skin.

Fixatives are a way to help make fragrances last longer. They are natural or synthetic substances that enhance scent and slow down the evaporation of scents that tend to disappear. Why do fixatives work? They are very high in scent molecule count, often with no distinct odour of their own. They just blend with the key fragrance and make it seem stronger.

For example, musk, a traditional fixative, can enhance the scent and make its perceived strength stronger. It only takes a small amount for a big effect – with effective use of musk, you won’t smell it, but the entire perfume will last longer and smell stronger. (Musks have been synthetic since the 1970s due to cruelty and endangerment laws.)

Plant fixatives include many resinous, sticky oils and absolutes like benzoin, frankincense, vetiver, and orris. They often have an earthy scent that “deepens” a blend. With a little experience, you’ll have a good idea of what fixatives can enhance and give subtle character to your perfumes.

As you can probably tell, using professional methods are not much more difficult than what you may have tried already. However, I must say that the techniques given here are more expensive than the home-brewed. They require the use of specialized, more costly materials.

Using perfumer’s alcohol and absolutes are only for people who are somewhat serious about perfume, but it is a fun, fascinating activity. It is definitely possible to get started cost-effectively; Many botanical absolute suppliers have samples that you can use at first.

It’s also a good idea to try absolute dilutions before going for the real thing. Dilutions will help you work with the absolute without becoming overwhelmed by the un-concentrated fragrance, and they are also less expensive. Most dilutions are 3% – 5% absolute in jojoba oil, similar in strength to essential oils.

Where to Buy Perfumer’s Alcohol online UK

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What is Potassium Sodium Tartrate and what is it used for ?

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potassium sodium tartrate

What is Potassium Sodium Tartrate

Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, commonly called Rochelle salt is an odourless, colourless to white crystalline solid with a salty taste. It is the double salt of tartaric acid. It is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohols. Potassium Sodium Tartrate is prepared from potassium bitartrate and sodium carbonate. Commercially it is produced as a by-product of the wine industry.

Properties and specification of Potassium Sodium Tartrate

  • Synonyms: Potassium Sodium Tartrate; E337; Seignette’s salt; Rochelle salt; Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate; Potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxysuccinate; L(+)-Tartaric acid potassium Sodium salt; butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, potassium sodium salt
  • CAS number: 304–59–6
  • EINECS: 206–156–8
  • Purity: >99%
  • Appearance: colourless / white crystalline solid
  • Formula:KNaC4H4O6.4H2O

    potassium sodium tartrate structure

  • Molecular weight: 282.1
  • pH: 7–8.5
  • Density: 1.79
  • Specific gravity: 2.75 g/cm3
  • Solubility in water: soluble 630g/L @20C
  • Melting point: 75C
  • Boiling point: 220C
  • Refractive index: 1.59
  • Oil Absorption: 37g/100g

The chemical composition of Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate consists of Water 24.53%, Potassium 13.85%, Sodium 8.15% and Tartaric acid 53.17%. When heated it melts at 70–80C; at 100C it loses 3 water molecules and eventually becomes anhydrous at 130–140C; at 220C it begins to decompose. Potassium Sodium Tartrate has the linear formula KOCOCH(OH)CH(OH)C­OONa.4H2O

Where to Buy Potassium Sodium Tartrate GRG

How to make Potassium Sodium Tartrate crystals

The salt is prepared by adding 0.5M sodium carbonate to a hot solution of 1M potassium bitartrate (cream of Tartar). The solution is mixed thoroughly and then filtered while hot. This solution is then dried to precipitate solid potassium sodium tartrate, as small crystals.

Uses for Potassium Sodium Tartrate

As additive in food industry ( E337 ) where it acts as sequestrant, emulsifier, stabilizer, buffer and antioxidant in cheese products, margarine, jellies, jams, minced meat, and sausage casings.

In pharmacology it is used as saline cathartics (usual adult dose: 5–10g). potassium bitartrate is administered rectally as a suppository with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide, which promotes defecation by distending the rectal ampulla; administered for relief of constipation, and evacuation of the colon before surgical or diagnostic procedures or childbirth. It is not to be used on persons with heart problems or those on low sodium diets.
Potassium Sodium Tartrate is also used for the removal of toxic materials in some cases of poisoning.

Other applications include the preparation of piezoelectric crystals used in electrical appliances; as a laxative; in the manufacture of mirrors; in the plating industry; as a laboratory reagent; in the preparation of Fehlings solution for the detection of aldehydes; and for delaying the quick-setting of gypsum .

Health & Safety

This substance is not classified as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC.

For full details see MSDS for Potassium Sodium Tartrate

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Where to Buy Potassium Sodium Tartrate

Other Tartrate salts:

DiSodium Tartrate Dihydrate

Sodium hydrogen tartrate monohydrate – Sodium Bitartrate

Potassium Tartrate – Sodium Bitartrate

What is Sodium Gluconate and what is it used for?

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sodium gluconate FCC

What is Sodium gluconate :

Sodium gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid and is produced by fermentation of glucose. It is a white granular, crystalline solid which is very soluble in water. It is non corrosive, non toxic, biodegradable and renewable. It is resistant to oxidation and reduction even at high temperatures. The main property of sodium gluconate is its excellent chelating power, especially in alkaline and concentrated alkaline solutions. It forms stable chelates with calcium, iron, copper, aluminium and other heavy metals. It is a superior chelating agent than EDTA, NTA and phosphonates.

Properties & specification of sodium gluconate:

  • Systematic name: sodium (2R,3S,4R,5R’)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhe­xanoate
  • Other names: D-Gluconic Acid, Monosodium Salt; E576; Natriumgluconat; D-Gluconsaure; Natriumsalz; Natrium D-Gluconat;
  • Purity: 99+%
  • CAS No: 527–07–1
  • EINECS: 208–407–7
  • Molar mass: 218.14 g/mol
  • Chemical formula: NaC6H11O7
  • Appearance: white crystalline solid
  • Heavy metals: 0.002% max
  • Lead: 0.001% max
  • Reducing substances: 0.5%
  • Chloride: 0.07% max
  • Sulphate: 0.05% max
  • Arsenic: 3ppm max
  • pH: 6.5–7.3
  • Solubility: soluble in water 590 g/l @ 25C
  • Melting point: soluble in water 590 g/l @ 25C

Sodium gluconate is soluble in cold water and hot water. It is only partially soluble in methanol and ethanol.

Where to Buy Sodium Gluconate online

Uses for Sodium Gluconate:

  • In the field of medicine, it can maintain the balance of acid and alkali in the human body, and recover the normal operation of nerves.
  • It can be used in the prevention and cure of the syndrome for low sodium.
  • It can be used as a water quality stabilizer because it has excellent inhibiting capacity to scale.
  • Used as surface cleaning agent for metals
  • Used as cleaning agent of glass bottles
  • It also can be used as water reducing agent and retarder in the building industry. Sodium gluconate is also an efficient set retarder and a good plasticiser & water reducer for concrete, cement, mortar and gypsum.

Sodium gluconate in the Food Industry (food grade only)

Sodium gluconate acts as a stabilizer, a sequestrant and a thickener when used as a food additive (E576). It is approved by CODEX for use in dairy products, processed fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices, cereals, processed meats, preserved fish etc etc.

Sodium gluconate in Pharmaceutical industry (pharmaceutical grade only)

In the medical field,it can keep the balance of acid and alkali in the human body,and recover the normal operation of nerve. It can be used in the prevention and cure of syndrome for low sodium.

Sodium gluconate in cosmetics & Personal Care products

Sodium gluconate is used as a chelating agent to form complexes with metal ions which can influence the stability and appearance of cosmetic products. Gluconates are added to cleansers and shampoos to increase the lather by sequestering hard water ions. Gluconates are also used in oral and dental care products such as toothpaste where it is used to sequester calcium and helps to prevent gingivitis.

Sodium gluconate in the cleaning industry

Sodium gluconate is commonly found in many household and industrial cleaners. This is because on its multi functionality. It acts as a chelating agent, a sequestering agent, a builder and a redeposition agent. In alkaline cleaners like dishwasher detergents and degreasers it prevents hard water ions (magnesium and calcium) interfering with the alkalies and allows the cleaner to perform to its maximum ability.
Sodium gluconate helps as a soil remover for laundry detergents as it breaks the calcium bond holding the dirt to the fabric and further prevents the soil redepositing onto the fabric again.
Sodium gluconate helps to protect metals like stainless steel when strong caustic based cleaners are used. It helps to break down scale, milkstone and beerstone. As a result it finds application in many acid based cleaners especially those formulated for use in the food industry.

Industrial Applications of sodium gluconate

Sodium gluconate is used in electroplating and metal finishing because of its strong affinity for metal ions. Acting as a sequestrant it stabilises the solution preventing impurities from triggering undesirable reactions in the bath. The chelation properties of gluconate assist in the deterioration of the anode thus increasing plating bath efficiency. Gluconate can be used in copper, zinc and cadmium plating baths for brightening and increasing luster.

Sodium gluconate is used in agrochemicals and in particular fertilisers. It helps plants and crops to absorb necessary minerals from the soil.

It is used in the paper and pulp industries where it chelates out metallic ions which cause problems in the peroxide and hydrosulphite bleaching processes.

Sodium gluconate in Construction Industry

Sodium gluconate is used as a concrete admix. It offers several benefits including improved workability, retarding setting times, reducing water, improved freeze-thawing resistance, reduced bleeding, cracking and dry shrinkage. When added at a level of 0.3% sodium gluconate can retard setting time of cement to over 16 hours depending on ratio of water and cement, temperature etc. As it acts as a corrosion inhibitor it helps to protect iron bars used in concrete from corrosion.

Sodium gluconate as a corrosion inhibitor

When sodium gluconate is present in water above 200ppm it protects steel and copper from corrosion. Water pipes and tanks composed of these metals are prone to corrosion and pitting caused by dissolved oxygen in the circulation water. This leads to cavitation and degradation of the equipment. The sodium gluconate reacts with the metal producing a protective film of the gluconate salt of the metal eliminating the possibility of the dissolved oxygen to come into direct contact with the metal.

In addition sodium gluconate is added to deicing compounds like salt and calcium chloride which are corrosive. This helps protect metal surfaces from being attacked by the salts but not deterring from the salt’s ability to dissolve ice and snow.

Other industrial applications of importance include bottle washing, photo chemicals, textile auxiliaries, plastics and polymers, inks, paints and dyes and Water treatment.

Health & safety

This product is not classified according to the EU regulations.

Safety phrase: S24/25– Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

For full details see MSDS for sodium gluconate

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Where to Buy Sodium Gluconate online

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Where to Buy EDTA Disodium salt online UK

Where to Buy EDTA tetra sodium salt online UK

What is Hydrated Magnesium Silicate powder and what is it used for?

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Hydrated Magnesium Silicate

What is Hydrated Magnesium Silicate powder?

Refined Hydrated magnesium silicate, also known commonly as Talc is an off-white powder. It is a common metamorphic mineral found naturally throughout the world. Talc is the softest mineral on the planet and is a tri-octahedral layered mineral with a similar structure to pyrophyllite but with magnesium in the octahedral sites of the composite layers. It is relatively inert and is virtually insoluble in water, weak acids and weak bases. Although it has very little chemical reactivity, talc does have an affinity for certain organic chemicals. Above 900C, talc loses its hydroxyl groups and above 1050C, it converts into anhydrous magnesium silicate. Above 1300C it melts. Talc is used in many industries such as paper making, plastic, paint and coatings, rubber, food, electric cable, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, ceramics, etc.

Properties and specification of Hydrated Magnesium Silicate

  • Synonyms: Soapstone; steatite; talcum; Talc, magnesium silicate;
  • CAS number: 14807–96–6
  • EINECS: 238–877–9
  • Purity:
  • Appearance: white translucent
  • Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
  • Molecular weight: 379.26
  • MgO content: 31.80%
  • SiO content: 60.0%
  • Average particle size (d50): 12.0 microns
  • Sieve residue (45 micron mesh): >98% passing
  • Surface area: 4.3m2/g
  • Mohs hardness: 1.0
  • pH: 8.4–9.4
  • Bulk Density (loose): 0.81 g/mol
  • Specific gravity: 2.75 g/cm3
  • Solubility in water: insoluble
  • Melting point: >1300C
  • Refractive index: 1.59
  • Oil Absorption: 37g/100g

Where to Buy Talc / hydrated magnesium silicate online

USES FOR HYDRATED MAGNESIUM SILICATE

Talc has many applications in industry as it offers the following functions: lubricant, filler, electric and heat insulator, anti stick, anti cake, carrier, thickener, adsorbent, strengthener and an extender. Its key charcteristics are its softness, chemical inertness, affinity for organic chemicals and whiteness.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the ceramics industry

A material used in all types of glazes to produce typical magnesium effects i.e. in large quantities, opacity and vellum texture. Having low expansion and contraction it can cure crazing. Talc is also used to introduce magnesium and silica into bodies, particularly those fired at low temperatures, acting as a flux. It is used in the manufacture of floor and wall tiles and sanitaryware, tableware, and technical ceramics

However, it reduces plasticity, and is more suitable for castware, tiles and where whiteness is important. Low expansion makes it an appropriate ingredient of flameproof bodies. It is also employed as a matting agent in earthenware glazes and can be used to produce magnesia mattes at high temperatures.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the Paint industry

In the paint industry talc is used in the production of decorative paints, industrial coatings, inks, pigments, primers, enamels, adhesives and putties. Due to its natural properties talc improves fluidity and coverage properties of paint making it easier to apply and improving cracking resistance, imparts corrosion, acid, thermal, air resistance to them, increase smoothness and stability of paint products.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the food industry

Food grade Talc is an effective anti-caking agent, dispersing agent and die lubricant and therefore helps animal feed and fertilizer plants to function more efficiently. In premixes and agricultural chemicals, it makes an ideal inert carrier. Talc also is used as an anti-stick coating agent in a number of popular foods including chewing gum, boiled sweets, cured meats, and for rice and cereal polishing. In olive oil production, it increases yield and improves the clarity of the oil.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the paper industry

Talc is used in both uncoated and coated rotogravure papers where it improves printability as well as reducing surface friction, giving substantial improvements in productivity at the paper mill and print house. Talc is used in three stages of paper making – as a filler, to control pitch and stickies and in paper coating. During the paper making process, the micro impurities can clog the paper machinery. Talc being hydrophobic absorbs these micro droplets thus controlling their stickiness and avoiding clogging. High brightness of talc leads to reduction in usage of expensive whitening agents and helps in controlling gloss of the coat. Talc gives smoothness, yellow index, porosity, opacity to paper, improves its yellow index and reduces the deterioration of the machinery.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in cosmetics and personal care

As it is soft to the touch and inert, cosmetic grade talc has been valued for centuries as a body powder. Today it also plays an important role in many cosmetic products, providing the silkiness in blushes, powder compacts and eye shadows, the transparency of foundations and the sheen of beauty creams. In cosmetics talc is used as a body talc and as a filler in some cosmetic products – toothpaste, soap, detergents, body perfumed talc powders, prickly heat powders and creams, facial creams and related products, anti-perspirant sticks and other cosmetic lotions or creams. Talc imparts stability, texture, water resistance and skin adhesion to cosmetics. In body talc it acts as a perfume carrier due to its chemical inertness lamellar structure. In pharmaceuticals, talc is an ideal excipient, used as a glidant, lubricant and diluent. Soap manufacturers also use talc to enhance skin care performance. Dentrifices are prepared by mixing suitable proportions of polishing agents like talc and kaolin or china clay with gum, glycerin, soap and other chemical ingredients. body perfumed talc powders, prickly heat powders and creams, facial creams and related products, anti-perspirant sticks and other cosmetic lotions or creams.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the plastics industry

Talc is used in the automotive, plastic and electrical appliance industries in the manufacture of bumpers, dashboards, interior trims, computer and TV bodies, white goods, garden furniture etc. It is used in polypropylene, polyamides, cable PVCs and other plastic compounds. Talc is being increasingly used in HDPE, PP, LDPE, PVC, ABS & thermosetting compounds. It is excellent filler due to blending characteristics and thermal and electrical resistant. It provides the smooth feel to plastic surface. Due to its chemical inertness, superior electrical and thermal resistance and other properties talc imparts stiffness, hardness, tensile strength of plastic products, improves quality of their surfaces, gives them electrical, chemical and thermal resistance

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the rubber industry

Talc reduces the viscosity of rubber compounds, thereby facilitating the processing of moulded parts. It also improves extrudate qualities, increasing production rates and enhancing UV radiation resistance of exterior parts such as automotive profiles. In sealants and gaskets, they provide good compression resistance, while in pharmaceutical stoppers, they create a barrier against liquids. In cables, talc functions as insulators and in tire manufacture it makes excellent processing aids.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in wastewater treatment

Specialty talc can improve the performance of biological wastewater treatment plants. The talc particles ballast the flocs of bacteria and accelerate their sedimentation. The addition of talc results in top quality discharge and zero bacterial loss. It can help to upgrade plants without resorting to costly plant expansions. As opposed to most chemicals used to clean wastewater, such as chlorine or aluminium salts, talc is a natural, environmentally-friendly mineral additive. And because it is inert, it preserves the fertilizing value of sewage sludge.

Health & Safety

Not considered an acute health risk. Avoid excessive dust generation. May cause mechanical eye and skin irritation. Avoid breathing dust. Prolonged inhalation may cause lung injury. Physical form is unlikely to present dust risk under normal conditions of use. Product can become slippery when wet.

For full details see MSDS for Talc / hydrated magnesium silicate

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Where to Buy Talc / hydrated magnesium silicate online

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Where to Buy calcium carbonate GRG online

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What is Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) and what is it used for ?

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What is Isopropyl Alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol, commonly referred to as IPA or Propann-2-ol, is a flammable, clear, colourless liquid with a slightly pleasant alcoholic odour. It possesses physical,chemical and solvency properties similar to those of ethyl alcohol, making it completely miscible with water and soluble in most organic solvents. Isopropyl Alcohol is a highly versatile solvent which has a 1001 uses. Second only to water it is the most commonly used liquid for cleaning and is found in millions of products world wide. It is used in manufacturing acetone, glycerol and isopropyl acetate. A solvent for many oils, alkaloids, gums and resins, it also serves as a deicing agent for liquid fuels. The chemical compound is used in extraction processes, as a dehydrating agent, a preservative, in lotions and as a laboratory reagent.

Properties & Specification

  • Synonyms: isopropyl alcohol; propan-2-ol; 2-propanol; IPA; isopropanol; Rubbing alcohol, dimethylcarbinol; isohol; petrohol;
  • Formula: C3H7OH
  • CAS No: 67–63–0
  • EINECS No: 200–661–7
  • Molar mass: 60.1 g/mol
  • Density: 0.786 g/cm3
  • Solubility: miscible in water    
  • Melting point: –89 C
  • Boiling point: 82.5 oC
  • Flash point: 13 C (closed cup)
  • Autoignition temperature: 399 C
  • Explosion limits: Upper 12% – Lower 2%
  • Acidity (pKa): 16.5
  • Viscosity: 1.96 cP @25C
  • Vapour pressure: 48 hPa at 20C
  • Relative vapour density (air=1): 2
  • Refractive index: 1.3776

Isopropyl alcohol is miscible with water, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether and glycerine. It is soluble in acetone but insoluble in salt solutions. Isopropyl alcohol is incompatible with strong oxidizers, acetaldehyde, chlorine, ethylene oxide, acids, and isocyanates.

Where to Buy Isopropyl alcohol online

Uses for Isopropyl alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol is registered as an antimicrobial, bactericide, fungicide, and virucide. It is used for sterilizing and disinfecting surfaces in hospitals, dairy farms, food processing plants, eating establishments, and in household dwellings. Isopropyl alcohol is also registered for use as a topical disinfectant in animal areas in and around the house, in veterinary institutions, farm structures, poultry areas, and in hatcheries and zoo animal premises. It is registered for use in barbershops for cleaning hair cutting and styling instruments and equipment. Isopropyl alcohol is also registered as an adjuvant, used to facilitate pesticide applications in agricultural settings, and as an adjuvant in industrial water washer, cooler, and condenser systems.

  • A Disinfectant for food preparation surfaces, table tops, counters, bars and other hard surfaces.
  • Antiseptic and antibacterial agent.
  • A general cleaner – excellent for cleaning glass & lenses. Can be used to clean virtually any surface. Removes light grease, oils, dirt, food stains etc. Evaporates quickly and leaves surface squeaky clean.
  • A specialist cleaner ? for computer equipment, electronic devices, contact pins, floppy disk drive heads, lenses of LASERS in optical disc drives (DVD,CD), removes thermal paste of CPUs. Cleans printer heads including Thermal Transfer.
  • A sterilizer – For sterilising hands when preparing food or for medical personnel working in surgeries, clinics, First Aid Rooms, Nursing Homes, Hospitals etc.
  • Sterilizing utensils, equipment etc eg acupuncturists needles, hairdressers combs etc.
  • An Anti-Foamer and foam inhibitor.
  • Can be mixed with fragrances to make airfreshners and deodorants.
  • Can be used as a Deodoriser for spraying into shoes to eliminate odours.
  • Used to make Rinse agents for Dishwashers.
  • A solvent for diluting lacquers, PVC adhesives, dyes and printing inks.
  • A graffiti remover for removing inks, markers, lipstick etc.
  • A Deicer for locks and windscreens.
  • Add to Windscreen washer reservoir for a spotless windscreen every time.
  • Antifreeze.
  • A fuel additive for dissolving water or ice in fuel lines.
  • Cosmetics – hand lotions, deodorants, aftershaves.
  • Body Rub – relieves muscle stiffness.
  • As a underarm deodorant.

To treat house plants that have spider mites or white flies- spray with a solution of four parts water to three parts isopropyl alcohol and add a squirt of dishwashing liquid.

To make an effective Hand sanitiser- According to WHO (World Health Organisation) they recommend the following mix to make 1 litre of sanitiser: Isopropyl alcohol (750ml), Hydrogen peroxide 3% (42ml), Glycerine (15ml), distilled water (193ml).
Mix all ingredients together thoroughly until solution is crystal clear. Use in suitable dispenser with a spray head. Spray onto skin ensuring that all the skin has been covered and allow to air dry. Note: the hydrogen peroxide is present only as a preservative

To Make an Emergency Soft Ice Pack: Mix 1 part alcohol with 3 parts of water. fill it into a self sealing plastic bag and keep in freezer. Place over the skin, joint etc to cool.

Using Isopropyl Alcohol to prevent water from freezing:

  • 10% alcohol:90% water will reduce the freezing point of water from 0 deg C to –3 deg C.
  • 20% alcohol:80% water will reduce the freezing point of water from 0 deg C to –7 deg C.
  • 40% alcohol:60% water will reduce the freezing point of water from 0 deg C to –20 deg C

At these sorts of mixes water will not freeze at its normal 0 Deg C.

Health & Safety

R-phrase(s)

R11 Highly flammable. R36 Irritating to eyes. R67 Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness.

S-phrase(s)

S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear protective gloves/ protective clothing/ eye protection/ face protection. Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.

For full details see MSDS for IPA

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Where to Buy Isopropyl alcohol online

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Where to Buy Benzyl Alcohol online in UK

Where to Buy Benzyl Benzoate online UK

What is Calcium carbonate – what is it used for?

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calcium carbonate

What is Calcium carbonate?

Calcium carbonate, commonly known as chalk or calcite is a non-combustible, non-toxic, odourless white powder with the formula CaCO3. It occurs naturally in the minerals aragonite, calcite, liestone and marble which makess up about 4% of the earths crust. Calcium carbonate is produced by the sedimentation of the shells of small fossilized eggs, skeletons, snails, shellfish, and coral over millions of years. Commercially the majority of calcium carbonate is produced from mining or quarrying and then grinding to different grades.

Calcium carbonate has an enormous range of applications and uses. Depending on the grade of the calcium carbonate, these include usage in industry, pharmaceuticals, personal health, cosmetics, costruction and agriculture, as well as the plastics, glass, paint, paper, steel and oil industries.

Properties of calcium carbonate

  • Synonyms: pulverised Limestone; chalk; calcite; french chalk, whiting;
  • Formula: CaCO3
  • Purity: 99.2%
  • CAS No: 471–34–1
  • EINECS: 215–279–6
  • Appearance: Fine white powder
  • Mean Particle Size (d50): 7 micrometres
  • Density: 2.6 g/cm3
  • Molar Mass: 100.09 g/mol
  • Melting point: 825 C
  • Solubility: very low solubility in water 0.15 g/100 mL
  • Refractive index: 1.59
  • pH: 9

Where to Buy Calcium carbonate online

Cacium carbonate reacts with strong acids to produce the salt of the acid and carbon dioxide gas. When heated above 825C it releases carbon dioxide leaving the calcium oxide, also known as quicklime. When calcium carbonate is dissolved in water saturated with carbon dioxide it produces a solution of calcium bicarbonate.

Main Applications for Calcium Carbonate

General Uses For Calcium Carbonate:

  • Manufacture of lime and cement
  • Purification of Iron from iron ore in a blast furnace
  • Filtercake agent in drilling industry
  • Added to drilling fluids to increase their density
  • An extender in paints
  • As a filler & extender in plastics industry
  • Used in the manufacture of disposable nappies
  • Manufacture of fillers, putty, adhesives and sealants
  • Whitting in ceramics
  • Manufacture of glass
  • Used in the manufacture of paper
  • pH corrector for alkalinity in swimming pools
  • Manufacture of blackboard chalk
  • Used as an abrasive in scouring creams and scouring powders
  • Used in tooth powders
  • Used in cosmetics & toiletries
  • In fertilisers as a source of calcium and stabilising soil acidity.
  • As passive fire protection in hazardous environments.
  • Source of alkalinity used for flue gas desulphurisation in power stations.

Calcium carbonate has a wealth of uses: as a flux in steel production and in processing of non-ferrous metals; in bricks, mortar and concrete for construction; as a raw material in glass; in the construction of roads and dams; in the manufacture of paper, paints and dyes, carpeting and other floor coverings; and in the treatment of water, industrial waste, gases and household refuse. It is also used to reduce soil acidity in agriculture, to absorb water and add calcium in food products, and in sugar extraction.

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Where to Buy Calcium carbonate online

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What is Aluminium Sulphate and how is it used?

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aluminium sulphate hydrate kibbled

What is Aluminium Sulphate Hydrate?

Aluminium sulphate, commonly known as alum is a hard crystalline solid or powder that is soluble in water. It contains around 17% alumina (Al2O3). It is manufactured in a simple process from aluminium trihydrate and sulphuric acid. Aluminium sulfate has been used by man since 2000 BC, when the Egyptians used a mineral alum as a mordant in dyeing. It has long been used in paper sizing to improve durability and ink receptivity and in water treatment to clarify water. Other uses for alum include as a Ph ajuster in soil, as a waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete.

SPECIFICATION:

  • Synonyms: aluminum sulphate; aluminium sulfate; Cake alum; Filter alum; Papermaker’s alum; Sulfate d’aluminium;
  • Molecular formula: Al2(SO4)3.nH2O
  • Cas No: 10043–01–3
  • EINECS: 233–135–0
  • Molar mass: 342.15 g/mol
  • Appearance: white lump crystalline solid
  • Density: 1.69 g/cm3
  • Melting point: 770 C decomposes
  • Solubility: soluble in water 43g/100mL (20C)
  • Combined alumina (as Al2O3): 16.15 – 17.4%
  • Basic alumina (as Al2O3): 0.6% – neutral
  • Total alumina (as Al2O3): 16.75 – 17.4%
  • Total iron (as Fe2O3): 0.006% max
  • Insolubles: 0.2% max
  • Lump size: 90mm max
  • Lead: <5ppm
  • Refractive index: 1.47
  • Acidity (pKa): 3.3–3.6

It is slightly soluble in alcohols and dilute mineral acids.

Where to buy aluminium sulphate online in UK

USES FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE:

Aluminium Sulfate is used in water purification. As a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles. In water purification, it causes impurities to coagulate which are removed as the particulate settles to the bottom of the container or more easily filtered.

Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used to reduce the pH of garden soil. The gardener can add Aluminum sulfate to the soil to reduce the pH level which in turn will result in the flowers of the Hydrangea turning a different color (see below).

Aluminium sulfate is the active ingredient of some antiperspirants.

In construction industry it is used as waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete.

In paper making the alum reacts with rosin sizes of various types, helping to attach the newly formed rosin aluminates to fibres. Sizing makes the paper water resistant.

It is also used in styptic pencils.

It can also be very effective as a molluscide, killing spanish slugs. Aluminium sulphate is considered to be a relatively environmentally friendly treatment for slugs compared to the more toxic conventional products like metaldehyde.(See below – How to use aluminium sulphate to kill slugs)

HOW TO CHANGE COLOUR OF HYDRANGEA WITH ALUMINIUM SULPHATE

In order to change the flowers of the hydrangea from pink to blue there needs to be aluminium present in the soil and a pH of less than 7 ideally between 5.2 and 5.5 (Acidic). Only plants older than 2 years which are established should be treated. Before commencing treatment to change colour it is strongly advisable to water plants thoroughly every day for a week. Where possible test soil around hydrangeas for pH.

Add 15g (1 tablespoon) of aluminium sulphate in a litre of warm water and allow to sit for 15–30 minutes to dissolve. Add this to a watering can and make up to 5 litres with cold water. Apply the solution around the based of the hydrangea. DO NOT OVERUSE as making the soil too acidic can result in damage to the roots. Check the pH and maintain it between 5.2 and 5.5.

HOW TO LOWER THE pH OF SOIL WITH ALUMINIUM SULPHATE

The aluminium sulphate should be applied to the garden as a liquid to realise a fast change in the pH. Before starting you need to know the pH of your soil. As a rule of thumb to reduce the pH by 1 point you need to apply 50g of aluminium sulphate for every square metre of soil. Ideally the aluminium sulphate needs to penetrate into the soil to be effective or you will be just acidifying the surface. One suggestion to aid penetration would be to spike the garden as you go along. For every 5 square metres of garden you need to apply 250g of the aluminium sulphate. Dissolve this in a litre of hot water by leaving it to sit for 15–30 minutes. Add to a watering can and top up with cold water. Apply this to the 5 sq m of garden.

Alternatively you could dig it into the soil again at a rate of 50g per square metre but this will take a lot longer to be effective as the sulphate is slow to dissolve.

HOW TO USE ALUMINIUM SULPHATE TO KILL SLUGS

Aluminium sulphate is effective for killing slugs by desiccating them (drying them out by absorbing water from the slime producing glands). As well as killing young slugs it acts as a deterrent keeping them away from plants. Apply the aluminium sulphate close to and around plants to be protected especially those most favoured by slugs, like Hostas. Apply the crystals at a rate of around 1kg per 40 square metres. Avoid touching the plants with the solid as this can cause them harm. Note: Kibbled aluminium sulphate contains some very large crystals and these should be broken up into smaller pieces by placing inside a towel or other material and carefully hitting with a hammer.

Another method for applying aluminium sulphate is as a solution. This is highly favoured by growers of delphiniums and is best applied in the winter and early spring. Make up a solution by dissolving around 100g of aluminium sulphate in 5 litres of warm / hot water. Allow to cool. Apply around the base of the plants by saturating the soil. Be careful to avoid spraying directly on plants. Repeat every few weeks. As aluminium sulphate acidifies the soil it may be necessary to apply some lime on treated soil to raise the pH again.

Health & safety

Risk phrases: R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

safety phrases: S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of: water. S37/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection. S38 In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment.

For more information see MSDS for Aluminium sulphate

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Where to buy aluminium sulphate online in UK

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What is Isopropyl Myristate and how is it used ?

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What is Isopropyl Myristate trihydrate

Natural vegetable based ester

Isopropyl myristate, also commonly known as IPM is a clear, light yellow liquid which oily in appearance and vitually odourless. It is soluble in most solvents but considered insoluble in water. IPM is manufactured by the esterification of isopropyl alcohol with myristic acid. Isopropyl myristate is primarily used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations because it has good skin absorption qualities and it is a good emollient and moisturiser.

Poperties & specification:

  • Cas No: 110–27–0
  • EINECS No: 203–751–4
  • Molecular formula: CH3(CH2)12COOC­H(CH3)2
  • Appearance: Light yellow oily liquid
  • Other names: Tetradecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester; Myristic acid isopropyl ester: IPM; propan-2-yl tetradecanoate; Estergel;
  • Purity: 98% minimum
  • Molecular weight: 270.46
  • Acid value: 0.5 max
  • Specific gravity: 0.85
  • Melting Point: 3–5 oC
  • Boiling Point: 167 oC
  • Flash Point: 152 oC
  • Heavy metal: 0.0005% max
  • Insoluble in: Water.
  • Soluble in: Most organic solvents
  • Refractive index: 1.44
  • Vapour pressure: 9.35X10–5 mm Hg at 25 C

Soluble in castor oil, cottonseed oil, acetone, benzene, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, toluene, and mineral oil; Dissolves many waxes, cholesterol, lanolin. It is practically insoluble in glycerol and propylene glycol.

Where to Buy IPM / Isopropyl Myristate online UK

USES OF ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE:

Isopropyl myristate is an effective agent for solubilizing lanolin; mixtures of up to about 50% lanolin in isopropyl myristate remain stable, free-flowing liquid at room temperature. Therefore, isopropyl myristate is used as a solubilizing, spreading, and penetrating agent in anhydrous skin lubricating lotions with high lanolin content. Isopropyl myristate leaves the skin soft and smooth without an oily surface film.

Key ingredient in Perfumers alcohol, skin care cosmetics, antiperspirants, deodorants, make-up and bath preparations, hair creams, lotions, as plasticizer in hair spray and lacquers.

Isopropyl myristate is used in topical medicinal preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired.

IPM is used in many mouthwash products because of its ability to control oral bacteria.

PLEASE NOTE: it is recommended that those suffering from acne problems or sensitive skin should refrain from using IPM or products containing IPM as it can aggrevate the problem. Also it should not be used on children below the age of 4 years.

Other industrial uses include as a plasticizer and textile additive

Treatment of head lice with isopropyl myristate

IPM is used as a pesticide-free treatment against head lice which works by dissolving the wax that covers the exoskeleton of head lice, killing them by dehydration. It is considered safe to use on humans over the age of 4. Isopropyl myristate does not contain traditional insecticides and is not considered poisonous to nerves and nerve cells. The recommended dose of isopropyl myristate is two applications to the scalp and nape of the neck seven days apart, which is identical to the dosing regimen of existing products. For more information on this subject click here

Health & safety

Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008. This substance is not classified as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC.

For more information see MSDS for isopropyl myristate

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Where to Buy IPM / Isopropyl Myristate online UK

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What is Potassium Hydroxide and what is it used for ?

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potassium hydroxide

potassium hydroxide flakes

WHAT IS POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) commonly known as caustic potash, is supplied as white flakes. It is deliquescent and rapidly dissolves in water and forms concentrated solutions of potassium hydroxide also known as potassium lye. The reaction with water is violent producing heat (exothermic reaction). Concentrated solutions in water are clear in colour. KOH is a strong alkaline substance that dissociates completely in water to potassium and hydroxyl ions.

Potassium Hydroxide is manufactured by the electrolysis of the salt potassium chloride. Solid potassium hydroxide is obtained from this solution by the evaporation of water.

Potassium hydroxide is used to manufacture soaps, rayon, paper, explosives, dyestuffs, and petroleum products. It is also used in processing cotton fabric, laundering and bleaching, metal cleaning and processing, oxide coating, electroplating, and electrolytic extracting. It is commonly present in commercial drain and oven cleaners.

Properties of Potassium Hydroxide

  • Synonyms: caustic potash; potassium hydroxide flakes; Potassium hydrate; Potassium lye;
  • Appearance: white solid flake
  • CAS No: 1310–58–3
  • EINECS No: 215–181–3
  • Minimum quality: 99%
  • Molecular formula: KOH
  • Molar mass: 56.11 g/mol
  • Density: 0.84g/cm3
  • Solubility in water: 120 g/100ml (20C)
  • Melting point: 360 C
  • Boiling point: 1320 C
  • pH: 11.5
  • Vapour pressure: 1.3 hPa at 20 C

Specification of Potassium Hydroxide

  • KOH: 90–91% minimum
  • Water H2O: 8%
  • KOH.H2O: 99% minimum
  • K2CO3: 0.5% max
  • KCl: 0.015% max
  • Fe: 3 ppm max
  • NaOH: 1% max
  • Ni: 5 ppm max

Where to Buy Potassium Hydroxide online uk

Potassium hydroxide readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from air and deliquesces. When dissolved in water or alcohol or when the solution is mixed with an acid the reaction is highly exothermic. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O. When potassium hydroxide is wet, it attacks metals such as aluminium, tin, lead and zinc to produce flammable hydrogen gas.

USES OF POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

Potassium hydroxide to make other potassium compounds

Many potassium salts are prepared by neutralization reactions involving KOH. The potassium salts of carbonate, cyanide, permanganate, phosphate, chloride and various silicates are prepared by treating either the oxides or the acids with KOH. Potassium hydroxide used in the manufacture of biodiesel

Although more expensive than using sodium hydroxide, KOH works well in the manufacture of biodiesel by saponification of the fats in vegetable oil. Glycerine from potassium hydroxide-processed biodiesel is useful as an inexpensive food supplement for livestock, once the toxic methanol is removed. Potassium hydroxide used in the manufacture of soft soaps

The saponification of fats with KOH is used to prepare the corresponding “potassium soaps” which are softer than the more common sodium hydroxide-derived soaps. Because of their softness and greater solubility, potassium soaps require less water to liquefy, and can thus contain more cleaning agent than liquefied sodium soaps.

Potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte

Aqueous potassium hydroxide is employed as the electrolyte in alkaline batteries based on nickel-cadmium and manganese dioxide-zinc. Potassium hydroxide is preferred over sodium hydroxide because its solutions are more conductive. Other applications

Other uses for potassium hydroxide

KOH attracts numerous specialized applications, which virtually all rely on its basic or degradation properties. KOH is widely used in the laboratory for the same purposes.

In chemical synthesis, the selection of KOH vs. NaOH is guided by the solubility for the resulting salt. Its corrosive properties make it useful as an ingredient in cleaning and disinfection of resistant surfaces and materials. The high alkalinity enables cleaners and degreasers to dissolve oils and greases by saponifying them. Likewise it is commonly used in commercial oven cleaners where the dissolving of carbon and baked on grease, sugar etc is required.

It is often the main active ingredient in chemical “cuticle removers.”

KOH is also widely used as a way to remove hair from animal hides, leaving the hides in a solution of KOH and water for a few hours. It is used in resomation to dissolve human remains.

Aggressive bases will damage the cuticle of the hair shaft, and thus is useful for weakening the hair in preparation for shaving. Pre-shave products and shave creams such as Proraso contain Potassium Hydroxide in order to force the cuticle open and act as a hygroscopic agent to attract and force water into the shaft, causing further damage to the hair. In this state, the hair is more easily cut by razor blade.

Health & safety

R-phrase(s): R35 Causes severe burns. R22 Harmful if swallowed.

S-phrase(s): S1/2 Keep locked up and out of reach of children. S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).

See MSDS for Potassium hydroxide for full details

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Where to Buy Potassium Hydroxide online uk

Where to Buy Sodium Hydroxide / Caustic Soda online uk

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