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Where can i buy calcium hypochlorite online UK and Ireland

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WHAT IS CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE

Calcium hypochlorite is a powder chemical with the formula Ca(ClO)2. It is widely used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent (bleaching powder). This chemical is considered to be relatively stable and has greater available chlorine (65%) than sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach).

  • Other names: Hypochlorous acid, calcium salt / Bleaching powder / Calcium Oxychloride
  • CAS No: 7778–54–3
  • EC No: 231–908–7
  • UN No: 1748
  • Appearance: white or grey/white powder with odour of chlorine
  • Molar Mass: 142.98 g/mol
  • Density: 2.35 g/cm3
  • Melting Point: 100oC

Uses for Calcium Hypochlorite

CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE FOR USE IN SWIMMING POOLS & SPAS:

Calcium hypochlorite is used for the disinfection of drinking water or swimming pool water. For use in outdoor swimming pools, calcium hypochlorite can be used as a sanitizer in combination with a cyanuric acid stabilizer. The stabilizer will reduce the loss of chlorine because of UV radiation. Calcium does make the water hard and tends to clog up some filters. However, some types of calcium hypochlorite do contain anti-scaling agents in order to prevent clogging up of pipes/filters. This grade of calcium hypochlorite can also be used in hard waters. The main advantage of calcium hypochlorite is that it is unstabilised unlike chlorinated isocyanurates such as sodium dichloroisocy­anurate or trichloroisocy­anuric acid. Latter products do contain cyanuric acid. If the level of cyanuric acid becomes too high, it will influence the performance of the chlorine.

Pools running on calcium hypochlorite should have a chlorine level of 1–2 ppm (mg/L).

Calcium hypochlorite is also used for bleaching cotton and linen and is used in the manufacture of chloroform.

For whitening in laundry one normally uses approx 200mls of 5% bleach per load. As the calcium hypochlorite is 65% chlorine then you will need around 15g of the calcium hypochlorite per wash. alternatively you can make a 5% solution by adding 77g of calcium hypochlorite to 1 litre of water and use 200mls of this solution.

Other uses are:

  • As a bathroom cleaner
  • For Cleaning secondhand items
  • Adds glow to glass dishware
  • As a Household disinfectant spray
  • It remove moss and algae from paths, patios and driveways
  • Use to sanitize garden tools
  • Kills weeds in walkways
  • Preserves and keeps cut flowers fresh
  • Can be used to Clean garden furniture,

Disinfecting drinking water with calcium hypochlorite:

Calcium hypo is used extensively throughout the world to purify drinking water and make it safe. you can either add it directly into water or make up stock solutions to use to treat batches of water. The first is better as stock solutions will deteriorate with time.

As a simple rule of thumb add 0.5g of solid calcium hypochlorite to 100 litres of water (dissolve the 0.5g in about 1 litre of water first and then add this to the 100 litres).

To read an article on how to disinfect water using Calcium Hypochlorite click here.

Health & Safety:

CLASS C: Oxidizing material. CLASS E: Corrosive solid.

R22– Harmful if swallowed. R38– Irritating to skin. R41– Risk of serious damage to eyes.

Where to Buy Calcium Hypochlorite online in the UK

Where to Buy sodium dichloroisocy­anurate / SDIC online

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What is Magnesium Chloride Technical Grade and what is it used for ?

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magnesium chloride hexahydrate

magnesium chloride hexahydrate

What is Magnesium chloride hexahydrate

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate is a naturally occurring salt with the formula MgCl2 6(H2O). It is mostly produced from sea water and in particular the Dead Sea. It is a colourless to white, odourless salt with a bitter taste. It has been used for centuries as an aid to improving health and well being. Its therapeutic properties are well recognised and people flock to the Dead Sea every year to bathe in its water to rejuvenate themselves. The main uses for magnesium chloride are in the paper, textiles, cement and refrigeration industries. It also finds major applications as a de-icer and a water treatment in aquariums.

Properties of magnesium chloride hexahydrate

  • CAS No.: 7791–18–6
  • EINECS: 232–094–6
  • Magnesium chloride hexahydrate: 99% minimum
  • Magnesium chloride: 47% minimum
  • Calcium chloride: 2.2% maximum
  • Sodium chloride: 0.5% maximum
  • Potassium chloride: 0.2% maximum
  • Formula: MgCl2 6H2O
  • Purity: 99%
  • Mol weight: 203.3
  • Density: 1.569
  • Melting point: 117C
  • Water solubility: 2350 g/L (20 C)
  • Appearance:: White flakes
  • pH: 8.4 270g/l at 20C)
  • High quality magnesium chloride from the Dead Sea
  • Free from phosphate, bromides and ammonia
  • Dissolves quickly to provide clear solution

Where to Buy Magnesium chloride online

USES OF MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE:

  • Additive for marine aquariums (see below for details)
  • For batheing
  • Used as a deicer and prevents the formation of ice on surfaces
  • Used in the manufacture of textiles, fire proofing agents, cements and refrigeration bri­ne.
  • Used to make sorrel cement.
  • Used for dust control.
  • For the manufacture of magnesium metal and other magnesium compounds.

Magnesium Chloride for health benefits

For many years Magnesium chloride has been used for batheing and ingesting to improve health and well being. For an insight into the many health benefits of the “Miracle mineral” click here

PLEASE NOTE that although our magnesium chloride is a natural salt produced from the waters of the Dead Sea it has not been purified to be taken orally or ingested and as such we do not promote it for this purpose.

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE IN MARINE AQUARIUMS:

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate is for adding magnesium to sea water. Severely low values of magnesium (900 mg/L or below) can cause low pH values and an inability to maintain proper alkalinity and calcium values. If magnesium becomes too low, coral growth will stop and followed by a decline in coral health. Carbonates and calcium are essential for all growth of corals, coralline algae, clams and invertebrates. Maintaining the correct magnesium values is very important and is indirectly responsible for coral and coralline algae growth by making it possible to maintain correct calcium, alkalinity and pH values. The magnesium content must often be increased, as shortfalls in the content can arise for various reasons. The normal magnesium content is around 1.30 – 1.40 mg/litre (1300–1400 ppm). To increase the magnesium content you need magnesium chloride hexahydrate or a mixture of magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate (ratio of 7:1).

Visit our Reef Range & Aquarium Information site

How to dose aquarium with magnesium chloride

50g will raise Magnesium levels by approximately 60ppm in 100 litres of salt water. It is not recommended to increase Magnesium levels by more than 60ppm per day. Simply mix the required amount into a few litres of Reverse Osmosis Water, once dissolved, slowly add to your tank in an area of high flow, preferably over a period of an hour. Alternatively add to your evaporation top up water and top up as normal.

Click here to use our calculator

Magnesium Chloride as a de-icer

Magnesium chloride is considered by some to the best overall ice melting compound. It is safe to use around plant life and it is less corrosive than other ice melting compounds. Magnesium chloride is a hygroscopic compound meaning it absorbs moisture. This allows the magnesium chloride to dissolve into a brine solution very quickly hence melting ice and snow very quickly. Relatively harmless to plant life, magnesium chloride is an environmentally friendly alternative for melting ice and snow. Magnesium chloride can effectively melt ice and snow in temperatures as low as –30 degrees Celsius.

Magnesium chloride is safe to use around animals and it will not affect the paws of cats or dogs etc. It does not produce any residues that can damage carpets etc.

The product is simply applied by sprinkling the powder over the ice. When used as a solution magnesium chloride has the added advantage of preventing ice forming on surfaces when applied before freezing. This solution is made up by dissolving 30g per litre of water. It can be sprayed at a rate of approx 5 sq m per litre.

Health & safety

Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.

See MSDS for magnesium chloride hexahydrate for full details

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Where Buy Magnesium Sulphate / sulfate online

 

What is Calcium Nitrate and what are its uses?

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calcium nitrate tetrahydrate

What is Calcium Nitrate Tetrahydrate?

Calcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter (Norwegian saltpeter) is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca(NO3)2 4H20. This colourless to white monoclinic crystal absorbs moisture from the air and is commonly found as a tetrahydrate. Calcium nitrate is manufactured by neutralising nitric acid with calcium carbonate. It is mainly used as a component in fertilizers.

Properties of calcium nitrate:

  • Synonyms: calcium nitrate, calcium dinitrate; nitrate de calcium; nitrato de calcio; Calciumnitrat; nitric acid calcium salt; Calcium nitrate hydrate (1:2:4);
  • CAS Number : 13477–34–4
  • EINECS : 233–332–1
  • Molecular formula: Ca(NO3)2 4H20
  • Molar mass: 236.15
  • Appearance: colourless to white solid
  • Density: 1.89
  • Melting point: 42.7 oC
  • Boiling point: 132 oC
  • Solubility in water: 129 g/100 mL (20 oC)
  • Solubility: dissolves in alcohol and acetone
  • pH Value: 5–7

Calcium nitrate easily dissolve in water , methyl alcohol and ethanol.

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Uses For Calcium Nitrate

  • Commonly used in fertilizer See below for more information
  • Used as a plant food
  • Corrosion inhibitor in diesel fuel
  • Used in manufacture of matches & fireworks

Calcium nitrate is mainly used as coagulant in rubber latex manufacture and asa refrigerant. It is also used in oil exploratory well and sewage treatment. In agriculture it is used as soiless culture and fast-effective fertilizer for acid soil. It also can be used to make fireworks and incandescent lamp chimney in light industry, to produce explosives in national defense industry and to paint negative pole in electron instrument industry. It is also a raw material in making other nitrates.

Calcium Nitrate as a fertiliser

calcium nitrate is used as a fertiliser as it increases yield and quality of fruit and crops, it builds up resistance to disease and pests, it extends the storage life of fruits, it permits rapid absorption of calcium and nitrate by plants, it does not burn and it doesn’t create alkaline or salt conditions. Calcium nitrate provides 15.5% nitrogen and 26.3% calcium which can be rapidly absorbed by plants.

The use of Calcium Nitrate in saline soils, maintains high calcium levels which will reduce the plants uptake of sodium resulting in improved plant growth. Improved soil structure: The calcium in Calcium Nitrate displaces sodium in the soil profile, which improves soil structure increasing water and oxygen infiltration in sodic soils.
Improved disease tolerance: Calcium strengthens the plants cells and improves disease tolerance. Low calcium cells are weak with lower resistance to disease invasion and a tendency to leak nutrient from the cell provides a ready source of food source for disease to develop. Examples of this include: Botrytis in roses, lettuces, stone fruit and clubroot in brassicas.
Applications of calcium nitrate also improve the storage quality of crops reducing bitter pit in apples, bulb rot in onions and Erwinia soft rot in potatoes; it permits longer shelf life of table grapes, stone fruit and fresh flowers. Other benefits of feeding with calcium nitrate include improved skin and peel appearance with reduced blemishes and improved stress tolerence.

Ground application: 125 to 250 kg/ha. Up to 3 applications per season depending on crop.
Foliar application: 500 to 800 grams per 100 litres. Up to 10 applications per season depending on crop.
Hydroponic solutions: Run at 1 gram per litre of water flowing through the system.

Health & safety

R-phrases: R8 Contact with combustible material may cause fire.

For full details see MSDS for calcium nitrate tetrahydrate

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What is Sodium Sulphide Hydrate and how is it used?

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sodium sulphide hydrate

What is Sodium Sulphide Hydrate?

Sodium sulphide exists most commonly in the nonahydrate form, a yellow solid which is very hygroscopic. It readily dissolves in water to form a strong alkaline solution. When exposed to air the salt produces a foul smelling gas, hydrogen sulphide, often referred to as rotten eggs. Sodium sulphide is commercially produced by the reduction of sodium sulphate with carbon at high temperatures.

  • Synonyms: sodium sulfide; sodium sulphide; disodium sulphide; sulfure de sodium; sulfuro de sodio; Natriumsulfid; natriumsulfide;
  • Cas No: 1313–84–4
  • EINECS: 215–211–5
  • Formula: Na2S 9H2O
  • Molar mass: 240.18 g/mol
  • Appearance: Yellow flakes
  • Density: 1.43 g/cm3
  • Melting point: 50C
  • Boiling point: 920C
  • Autoignition temperature: >480C
  • Solubility: 18.6 g/100 mL (20 oC)
  • Explosive limits: Lower 4.3% Upper 45%
  • Vapor Pressure (mmHg): 750.062 @ 145–175 C

Sodium sulphide is easily soluble in cold water & hot water. Very slightly soluble in methanol. Insoluble in diethyl ether, n-octanol.

Where to buy Sodium Sulphide online

Uses of sodium sulphide

Sodium sulphide is primarily used in pulp and paper industry in the kraft process.It is used in water treatment as an oxygen scavenger agent, in the photographic industry to protect developer solutions from oxidation, in textile industry as a bleaching, as a desulfurising and as a dechlorinating agent and in leather trade for the sulfitisation of tanning extracts and as a depilatory for leather hides. It is used in chemical manufacturing as a sulfonation and sulfomethylation agent. It is used in the production of rubber chemicals, sulfur dyes and other chemical compounds. It is used in other applications including ore flotation, oil recovery, food preservative, making dyes, and detergent. Sodium sulphide is used in the preparation of sodium thiosulphate.

Health & Safety

Classification: Corrosive, Dangerous for the environment

Risk phrases: R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. R34 Causes burns. R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

Safety phrases: S1/2 Keep locked up and out of reach of children. S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/Safety data sheets.

For full details see MSDS for sodium sulphide

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What is Sodium Gluconate and what is it used for?

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sodium gluconate FCC

What is Sodium gluconate :

Sodium gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid and is produced by fermentation of glucose. It is a white granular, crystalline solid which is very soluble in water. It is non corrosive, non toxic, biodegradable and renewable. It is resistant to oxidation and reduction even at high temperatures. The main property of sodium gluconate is its excellent chelating power, especially in alkaline and concentrated alkaline solutions. It forms stable chelates with calcium, iron, copper, aluminium and other heavy metals. It is a superior chelating agent than EDTA, NTA and phosphonates.

Properties & specification of sodium gluconate:

  • Systematic name: sodium (2R,3S,4R,5R’)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhe­xanoate
  • Other names: D-Gluconic Acid, Monosodium Salt; E576; Natriumgluconat; D-Gluconsaure; Natriumsalz; Natrium D-Gluconat;
  • Purity: 99+%
  • CAS No: 527–07–1
  • EINECS: 208–407–7
  • Molar mass: 218.14 g/mol
  • Chemical formula: NaC6H11O7
  • Appearance: white crystalline solid
  • Heavy metals: 0.002% max
  • Lead: 0.001% max
  • Reducing substances: 0.5%
  • Chloride: 0.07% max
  • Sulphate: 0.05% max
  • Arsenic: 3ppm max
  • pH: 6.5–7.3
  • Solubility: soluble in water 590 g/l @ 25C
  • Melting point: soluble in water 590 g/l @ 25C

Sodium gluconate is soluble in cold water and hot water. It is only partially soluble in methanol and ethanol.

Where to Buy Sodium Gluconate online

Uses for Sodium Gluconate:

  • In the field of medicine, it can maintain the balance of acid and alkali in the human body, and recover the normal operation of nerves.
  • It can be used in the prevention and cure of the syndrome for low sodium.
  • It can be used as a water quality stabilizer because it has excellent inhibiting capacity to scale.
  • Used as surface cleaning agent for metals
  • Used as cleaning agent of glass bottles
  • It also can be used as water reducing agent and retarder in the building industry. Sodium gluconate is also an efficient set retarder and a good plasticiser & water reducer for concrete, cement, mortar and gypsum.

Sodium gluconate in the Food Industry (food grade only)

Sodium gluconate acts as a stabilizer, a sequestrant and a thickener when used as a food additive (E576). It is approved by CODEX for use in dairy products, processed fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices, cereals, processed meats, preserved fish etc etc.

Sodium gluconate in Pharmaceutical industry (pharmaceutical grade only)

In the medical field,it can keep the balance of acid and alkali in the human body,and recover the normal operation of nerve. It can be used in the prevention and cure of syndrome for low sodium.

Sodium gluconate in cosmetics & Personal Care products

Sodium gluconate is used as a chelating agent to form complexes with metal ions which can influence the stability and appearance of cosmetic products. Gluconates are added to cleansers and shampoos to increase the lather by sequestering hard water ions. Gluconates are also used in oral and dental care products such as toothpaste where it is used to sequester calcium and helps to prevent gingivitis.

Sodium gluconate in the cleaning industry

Sodium gluconate is commonly found in many household and industrial cleaners. This is because on its multi functionality. It acts as a chelating agent, a sequestering agent, a builder and a redeposition agent. In alkaline cleaners like dishwasher detergents and degreasers it prevents hard water ions (magnesium and calcium) interfering with the alkalies and allows the cleaner to perform to its maximum ability.
Sodium gluconate helps as a soil remover for laundry detergents as it breaks the calcium bond holding the dirt to the fabric and further prevents the soil redepositing onto the fabric again.
Sodium gluconate helps to protect metals like stainless steel when strong caustic based cleaners are used. It helps to break down scale, milkstone and beerstone. As a result it finds application in many acid based cleaners especially those formulated for use in the food industry.

Industrial Applications of sodium gluconate

Sodium gluconate is used in electroplating and metal finishing because of its strong affinity for metal ions. Acting as a sequestrant it stabilises the solution preventing impurities from triggering undesirable reactions in the bath. The chelation properties of gluconate assist in the deterioration of the anode thus increasing plating bath efficiency. Gluconate can be used in copper, zinc and cadmium plating baths for brightening and increasing luster.

Sodium gluconate is used in agrochemicals and in particular fertilisers. It helps plants and crops to absorb necessary minerals from the soil.

It is used in the paper and pulp industries where it chelates out metallic ions which cause problems in the peroxide and hydrosulphite bleaching processes.

Sodium gluconate in Construction Industry

Sodium gluconate is used as a concrete admix. It offers several benefits including improved workability, retarding setting times, reducing water, improved freeze-thawing resistance, reduced bleeding, cracking and dry shrinkage. When added at a level of 0.3% sodium gluconate can retard setting time of cement to over 16 hours depending on ratio of water and cement, temperature etc. As it acts as a corrosion inhibitor it helps to protect iron bars used in concrete from corrosion.

Sodium gluconate as a corrosion inhibitor

When sodium gluconate is present in water above 200ppm it protects steel and copper from corrosion. Water pipes and tanks composed of these metals are prone to corrosion and pitting caused by dissolved oxygen in the circulation water. This leads to cavitation and degradation of the equipment. The sodium gluconate reacts with the metal producing a protective film of the gluconate salt of the metal eliminating the possibility of the dissolved oxygen to come into direct contact with the metal.

In addition sodium gluconate is added to deicing compounds like salt and calcium chloride which are corrosive. This helps protect metal surfaces from being attacked by the salts but not deterring from the salt’s ability to dissolve ice and snow.

Other industrial applications of importance include bottle washing, photo chemicals, textile auxiliaries, plastics and polymers, inks, paints and dyes and Water treatment.

Health & safety

This product is not classified according to the EU regulations.

Safety phrase: S24/25– Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

For full details see MSDS for sodium gluconate

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What is Yellow Iron Oxide and what is it used for ?

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iron oxide yellow

What is Yellow Iron Oxide

Yellow Iron oxide also known as Pigment yellow 42 is yellow powder in the form of an alkaline oxide with comparatively stable chemical properties. It is slightly soluble in acids but completely dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Iron oxide is used in coating, printing ink and paint, and also as a coloring agent for building material, rubber and paper-making. It widely used due to its bright and pure colour, good weather proofing and high opacity. It is manufactured by the precipitation of ferric oxide hydroxide followed by purification through washing, drying and milling.

Properties & Specification of yellow iron oxide:

  • Other Names: C.I. 77492; Iron (III) oxide monohydrate yellow; Ferric oxide hydrate; Pigment yellow 42; Bayferrox 920;
  • CAS No: 51274–00–1
  • EINECS: 257–098–5
  • Formula: Fe2O3 H2O / FeOOH
  • MOL Wt: 177.71 g/mol
  • Assay: >98%
  • Fe2O3 content: 86%
  • Physical state: yellow powder
  • Particle size: not available
  • Relative density: 4.03 g/cm3
  • Melting Point: 1538 oC
  • Solubility: insoluble
  • pH Value: 4.5

Yellow iron oxide is insoluble in water and alcohol but is soluble in concentrated mineral acids. When heated to 80C it loses water and converts to red ferric oxide.

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Uses for Iron Oxide Yellow:

  • Used as yellow pigment (CI pigment 42:77492).
  • A pigment in ceramics to produce glazes.
  • Coating, paint, scagliola, tinting of the wall, floor.
  • Pigment of watercolour and grease-paint.
  • Tinting of the leather-colorant.

Yellow iron oxide is also used in paints, enamels, Porcelain Enamels, concrete colorants, plastics, rubber, and paper where permanent yellow is required. It has excellent hiding power, absorbs ultraviolet light, is compatible with a broad range of vehicles, disperses well in aqueous and solvent systems, does not contain heavy metals. Other applications are in Primers, Wood Primers, Dry Distemper, Cement Paints, Adhesives, Cement Flooring, Vinyl Flooring, Designer Tiles, Paving blocks, Cement Colours , Mosaic Tiles, Ceramics, Plastics (Plastics Asphalt), PVC, Rubber products ,Paper, Crayons, Leather, Glazes, Dadoes, Plaster works. Elastomers , Textile, Inks, Fiber, Glass Polishing, Metal Polishing, Rouge Polishing, Optical Lens etc . . .

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What is Sodium Hydrogen Sulphate and what is it used for?

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sodium bisulphate

sodium hydrogen sulphate

WHAT IS SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE

Sodium hydrogen sulphate also known as dry acid occurs as an odourless, hygroscopic white powder that is soluble in water. Its solutions are strongly acidic and corrosive. It is manufactured by reacting sodium hydroxide with sulphuric acid. Sodium bisulphate acts as a technological additive, a preservative, a disinfectant, an acidity regulator, a cleaner and a flavour enhancer. It is used in agriculture, metal, oil, food, cleaning and textile industries. Sodium bisulfate is frequently used as a replacement for Sulphuric Acid in many applications as sulphuric Acid is highly dangerous to transport.

Properties and specification of sodium hydrogen sulphate :

  • Synonyms: Sodium hydrogen sulfate; sodium hydrogen sulphate; sodium bisulphate; sodium bisulfate; Sodium acid sulfate; Bisulfate of soda; Sodium acid sulphate; dry acid; pH Decreaser; pH down; pH minus.
  • CAS No: 7681–38–1
  • EINECS: 231–665–7120.06 g/mol
  • Molecular weight: 120.06 g/mol
  • Purity: 92% min
  • Formula: NaHSO4
  • Appearance: In the form of sperules white or slightly yellow.
  • Chloride content: 0.1% max
  • Iron (Fe): 0.015% max
  • Insoluble content: 0.01% max.
  • Solubility in Water: 1080g/l @ 25 C
  • Density: 2.742 g/cm3
  • Melting point: 315 C decomposes
  • pH: 1.2 – 1.3 @ 1.2% w/w solution

Sodium hydrogen sulphate is decomposed by alcohols producing sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid.

Buy Sodium bisulfate / sodium hydrogen sulphate

Uses for sodium hydrogen sulphate :

  • Household cleaners, toilet cleaners etc
  • Acid cleaner for industry, breweries, dairies etc
  • Silver pickling See below for more details
  • To reduce alkalinity and pH in swimming pools. Commercially it is sold as “pH Decreaser”,  pH Reducer”, “pH Minus” or “pH Down”. See below for more details on how to use
  • As a preservative for soil and water samples in analytical laboratory analysis
  • Used for the dhydration of castor oil.
  • An auxillary agent for the bleaching and dyeing of wool.
  • A polishing and grinding agent for glass.
  • A pickling salt for the plumping and bleaching of skins in the leather industry.
  • As a flux for metal pickling. See below for more details
  • In the mineral oil industry for the extraction of nitrogen compounds from hydrocarbons (gas scrubbing).
  • As a silage additive.
  • Food grade sodium bisulphate is used as a food preservative.
  • When mixed with potassium dichromate it is used as a bleach in photography.
  • It has been used to reduce ammonia from manure in animal and poultry housing to reduce the number of flies. For more information click here

How to use sodium  hydrogen sulphate / Dry acid in pools & spas

Sodium hydrogen sulphate is used to lower the pH and to maintain total alkalinity TA in swimming pools and spas. It is safer and easier to use than hydrochloric acid (muriatic). It is easier to store but it also must be handled with care. The ideal pH of pool water should be 7.0–7.6 and total alkalinity should be maintained between 80 and 120ppm.

Pre-dissove the dry acid first by adding the dry acid into a large plastic bucket of water and then pouring the acid solution into the deep end of the pool, away from the skimmer and the fixtures. The Acid should be added when the pump is on and running. Retest the pH of the water in 4 hours and add more acid if needed. To calculate the amount of dry acid required to reduce the total alkalinity Click here

Helpful Tips: Do not add more than 150g of dry acid per 10,000 litres of pool water at any one time. Never add dry acid more than 3 times per day. Do not adjust the pH without first testing the Total Alkalinity. Dry acid may be used in a spa or hot tub.

Using Sodium Bisulphate as silver / metal pickle

The purpose of the sodium bisulphate solution is to remove ‘borax glass’ or fire scale left on metal during the heating process. The pickle solution can be made a 30% solution i.e. 300g per litre of water. Leave in the pickle until the surface appears white and free of fire scale. Note: Pickle should be kept warm, but not boiling. The warmer the solution the paster the process takes place. The optimum temperature is 57C to 95C. Sodium bisulphate is Acidic and it is an electrolyte. Never put iron into pickle. This will impart a copper tone to sterling silver.

Health & safety

R-phrases: R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes.

S-phrases: S24 Avoid contact with skin. S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

For full details see MSDS for sodium  hydrogen sulphate

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What is Hydrated Magnesium Silicate powder and what is it used for?

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Hydrated Magnesium Silicate

What is Hydrated Magnesium Silicate powder?

Refined Hydrated magnesium silicate, also known commonly as Talc is an off-white powder. It is a common metamorphic mineral found naturally throughout the world. Talc is the softest mineral on the planet and is a tri-octahedral layered mineral with a similar structure to pyrophyllite but with magnesium in the octahedral sites of the composite layers. It is relatively inert and is virtually insoluble in water, weak acids and weak bases. Although it has very little chemical reactivity, talc does have an affinity for certain organic chemicals. Above 900C, talc loses its hydroxyl groups and above 1050C, it converts into anhydrous magnesium silicate. Above 1300C it melts. Talc is used in many industries such as paper making, plastic, paint and coatings, rubber, food, electric cable, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, ceramics, etc.

Properties and specification of Hydrated Magnesium Silicate

  • Synonyms: Soapstone; steatite; talcum; Talc, magnesium silicate;
  • CAS number: 14807–96–6
  • EINECS: 238–877–9
  • Purity:
  • Appearance: white translucent
  • Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
  • Molecular weight: 379.26
  • MgO content: 31.80%
  • SiO content: 60.0%
  • Average particle size (d50): 12.0 microns
  • Sieve residue (45 micron mesh): >98% passing
  • Surface area: 4.3m2/g
  • Mohs hardness: 1.0
  • pH: 8.4–9.4
  • Bulk Density (loose): 0.81 g/mol
  • Specific gravity: 2.75 g/cm3
  • Solubility in water: insoluble
  • Melting point: >1300C
  • Refractive index: 1.59
  • Oil Absorption: 37g/100g

Where to Buy Talc / hydrated magnesium silicate online

USES FOR HYDRATED MAGNESIUM SILICATE

Talc has many applications in industry as it offers the following functions: lubricant, filler, electric and heat insulator, anti stick, anti cake, carrier, thickener, adsorbent, strengthener and an extender. Its key charcteristics are its softness, chemical inertness, affinity for organic chemicals and whiteness.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the ceramics industry

A material used in all types of glazes to produce typical magnesium effects i.e. in large quantities, opacity and vellum texture. Having low expansion and contraction it can cure crazing. Talc is also used to introduce magnesium and silica into bodies, particularly those fired at low temperatures, acting as a flux. It is used in the manufacture of floor and wall tiles and sanitaryware, tableware, and technical ceramics

However, it reduces plasticity, and is more suitable for castware, tiles and where whiteness is important. Low expansion makes it an appropriate ingredient of flameproof bodies. It is also employed as a matting agent in earthenware glazes and can be used to produce magnesia mattes at high temperatures.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the Paint industry

In the paint industry talc is used in the production of decorative paints, industrial coatings, inks, pigments, primers, enamels, adhesives and putties. Due to its natural properties talc improves fluidity and coverage properties of paint making it easier to apply and improving cracking resistance, imparts corrosion, acid, thermal, air resistance to them, increase smoothness and stability of paint products.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the food industry

Food grade Talc is an effective anti-caking agent, dispersing agent and die lubricant and therefore helps animal feed and fertilizer plants to function more efficiently. In premixes and agricultural chemicals, it makes an ideal inert carrier. Talc also is used as an anti-stick coating agent in a number of popular foods including chewing gum, boiled sweets, cured meats, and for rice and cereal polishing. In olive oil production, it increases yield and improves the clarity of the oil.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the paper industry

Talc is used in both uncoated and coated rotogravure papers where it improves printability as well as reducing surface friction, giving substantial improvements in productivity at the paper mill and print house. Talc is used in three stages of paper making – as a filler, to control pitch and stickies and in paper coating. During the paper making process, the micro impurities can clog the paper machinery. Talc being hydrophobic absorbs these micro droplets thus controlling their stickiness and avoiding clogging. High brightness of talc leads to reduction in usage of expensive whitening agents and helps in controlling gloss of the coat. Talc gives smoothness, yellow index, porosity, opacity to paper, improves its yellow index and reduces the deterioration of the machinery.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in cosmetics and personal care

As it is soft to the touch and inert, cosmetic grade talc has been valued for centuries as a body powder. Today it also plays an important role in many cosmetic products, providing the silkiness in blushes, powder compacts and eye shadows, the transparency of foundations and the sheen of beauty creams. In cosmetics talc is used as a body talc and as a filler in some cosmetic products – toothpaste, soap, detergents, body perfumed talc powders, prickly heat powders and creams, facial creams and related products, anti-perspirant sticks and other cosmetic lotions or creams. Talc imparts stability, texture, water resistance and skin adhesion to cosmetics. In body talc it acts as a perfume carrier due to its chemical inertness lamellar structure. In pharmaceuticals, talc is an ideal excipient, used as a glidant, lubricant and diluent. Soap manufacturers also use talc to enhance skin care performance. Dentrifices are prepared by mixing suitable proportions of polishing agents like talc and kaolin or china clay with gum, glycerin, soap and other chemical ingredients. body perfumed talc powders, prickly heat powders and creams, facial creams and related products, anti-perspirant sticks and other cosmetic lotions or creams.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the plastics industry

Talc is used in the automotive, plastic and electrical appliance industries in the manufacture of bumpers, dashboards, interior trims, computer and TV bodies, white goods, garden furniture etc. It is used in polypropylene, polyamides, cable PVCs and other plastic compounds. Talc is being increasingly used in HDPE, PP, LDPE, PVC, ABS & thermosetting compounds. It is excellent filler due to blending characteristics and thermal and electrical resistant. It provides the smooth feel to plastic surface. Due to its chemical inertness, superior electrical and thermal resistance and other properties talc imparts stiffness, hardness, tensile strength of plastic products, improves quality of their surfaces, gives them electrical, chemical and thermal resistance

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in the rubber industry

Talc reduces the viscosity of rubber compounds, thereby facilitating the processing of moulded parts. It also improves extrudate qualities, increasing production rates and enhancing UV radiation resistance of exterior parts such as automotive profiles. In sealants and gaskets, they provide good compression resistance, while in pharmaceutical stoppers, they create a barrier against liquids. In cables, talc functions as insulators and in tire manufacture it makes excellent processing aids.

Hydrated Magnesium Silicate in wastewater treatment

Specialty talc can improve the performance of biological wastewater treatment plants. The talc particles ballast the flocs of bacteria and accelerate their sedimentation. The addition of talc results in top quality discharge and zero bacterial loss. It can help to upgrade plants without resorting to costly plant expansions. As opposed to most chemicals used to clean wastewater, such as chlorine or aluminium salts, talc is a natural, environmentally-friendly mineral additive. And because it is inert, it preserves the fertilizing value of sewage sludge.

Health & Safety

Not considered an acute health risk. Avoid excessive dust generation. May cause mechanical eye and skin irritation. Avoid breathing dust. Prolonged inhalation may cause lung injury. Physical form is unlikely to present dust risk under normal conditions of use. Product can become slippery when wet.

For full details see MSDS for Talc / hydrated magnesium silicate

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Where to Buy Talc / hydrated magnesium silicate online

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Where to Buy calcium carbonate GRG online

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What is Calcium carbonate – what is it used for?

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calcium carbonate

What is Calcium carbonate?

Calcium carbonate, commonly known as chalk or calcite is a non-combustible, non-toxic, odourless white powder with the formula CaCO3. It occurs naturally in the minerals aragonite, calcite, liestone and marble which makess up about 4% of the earths crust. Calcium carbonate is produced by the sedimentation of the shells of small fossilized eggs, skeletons, snails, shellfish, and coral over millions of years. Commercially the majority of calcium carbonate is produced from mining or quarrying and then grinding to different grades.

Calcium carbonate has an enormous range of applications and uses. Depending on the grade of the calcium carbonate, these include usage in industry, pharmaceuticals, personal health, cosmetics, costruction and agriculture, as well as the plastics, glass, paint, paper, steel and oil industries.

Properties of calcium carbonate

  • Synonyms: pulverised Limestone; chalk; calcite; french chalk, whiting;
  • Formula: CaCO3
  • Purity: 99.2%
  • CAS No: 471–34–1
  • EINECS: 215–279–6
  • Appearance: Fine white powder
  • Mean Particle Size (d50): 7 micrometres
  • Density: 2.6 g/cm3
  • Molar Mass: 100.09 g/mol
  • Melting point: 825 C
  • Solubility: very low solubility in water 0.15 g/100 mL
  • Refractive index: 1.59
  • pH: 9

Where to Buy Calcium carbonate online

Cacium carbonate reacts with strong acids to produce the salt of the acid and carbon dioxide gas. When heated above 825C it releases carbon dioxide leaving the calcium oxide, also known as quicklime. When calcium carbonate is dissolved in water saturated with carbon dioxide it produces a solution of calcium bicarbonate.

Main Applications for Calcium Carbonate

General Uses For Calcium Carbonate:

  • Manufacture of lime and cement
  • Purification of Iron from iron ore in a blast furnace
  • Filtercake agent in drilling industry
  • Added to drilling fluids to increase their density
  • An extender in paints
  • As a filler & extender in plastics industry
  • Used in the manufacture of disposable nappies
  • Manufacture of fillers, putty, adhesives and sealants
  • Whitting in ceramics
  • Manufacture of glass
  • Used in the manufacture of paper
  • pH corrector for alkalinity in swimming pools
  • Manufacture of blackboard chalk
  • Used as an abrasive in scouring creams and scouring powders
  • Used in tooth powders
  • Used in cosmetics & toiletries
  • In fertilisers as a source of calcium and stabilising soil acidity.
  • As passive fire protection in hazardous environments.
  • Source of alkalinity used for flue gas desulphurisation in power stations.

Calcium carbonate has a wealth of uses: as a flux in steel production and in processing of non-ferrous metals; in bricks, mortar and concrete for construction; as a raw material in glass; in the construction of roads and dams; in the manufacture of paper, paints and dyes, carpeting and other floor coverings; and in the treatment of water, industrial waste, gases and household refuse. It is also used to reduce soil acidity in agriculture, to absorb water and add calcium in food products, and in sugar extraction.

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Where to Buy Calcium carbonate online

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What is Aluminium Sulphate and how is it used?

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aluminium sulphate hydrate kibbled

What is Aluminium Sulphate Hydrate?

Aluminium sulphate, commonly known as alum is a hard crystalline solid or powder that is soluble in water. It contains around 17% alumina (Al2O3). It is manufactured in a simple process from aluminium trihydrate and sulphuric acid. Aluminium sulfate has been used by man since 2000 BC, when the Egyptians used a mineral alum as a mordant in dyeing. It has long been used in paper sizing to improve durability and ink receptivity and in water treatment to clarify water. Other uses for alum include as a Ph ajuster in soil, as a waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete.

SPECIFICATION:

  • Synonyms: aluminum sulphate; aluminium sulfate; Cake alum; Filter alum; Papermaker’s alum; Sulfate d’aluminium;
  • Molecular formula: Al2(SO4)3.nH2O
  • Cas No: 10043–01–3
  • EINECS: 233–135–0
  • Molar mass: 342.15 g/mol
  • Appearance: white lump crystalline solid
  • Density: 1.69 g/cm3
  • Melting point: 770 C decomposes
  • Solubility: soluble in water 43g/100mL (20C)
  • Combined alumina (as Al2O3): 16.15 – 17.4%
  • Basic alumina (as Al2O3): 0.6% – neutral
  • Total alumina (as Al2O3): 16.75 – 17.4%
  • Total iron (as Fe2O3): 0.006% max
  • Insolubles: 0.2% max
  • Lump size: 90mm max
  • Lead: <5ppm
  • Refractive index: 1.47
  • Acidity (pKa): 3.3–3.6

It is slightly soluble in alcohols and dilute mineral acids.

Where to buy aluminium sulphate online in UK

USES FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE:

Aluminium Sulfate is used in water purification. As a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles. In water purification, it causes impurities to coagulate which are removed as the particulate settles to the bottom of the container or more easily filtered.

Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used to reduce the pH of garden soil. The gardener can add Aluminum sulfate to the soil to reduce the pH level which in turn will result in the flowers of the Hydrangea turning a different color (see below).

Aluminium sulfate is the active ingredient of some antiperspirants.

In construction industry it is used as waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete.

In paper making the alum reacts with rosin sizes of various types, helping to attach the newly formed rosin aluminates to fibres. Sizing makes the paper water resistant.

It is also used in styptic pencils.

It can also be very effective as a molluscide, killing spanish slugs. Aluminium sulphate is considered to be a relatively environmentally friendly treatment for slugs compared to the more toxic conventional products like metaldehyde.(See below – How to use aluminium sulphate to kill slugs)

HOW TO CHANGE COLOUR OF HYDRANGEA WITH ALUMINIUM SULPHATE

In order to change the flowers of the hydrangea from pink to blue there needs to be aluminium present in the soil and a pH of less than 7 ideally between 5.2 and 5.5 (Acidic). Only plants older than 2 years which are established should be treated. Before commencing treatment to change colour it is strongly advisable to water plants thoroughly every day for a week. Where possible test soil around hydrangeas for pH.

Add 15g (1 tablespoon) of aluminium sulphate in a litre of warm water and allow to sit for 15–30 minutes to dissolve. Add this to a watering can and make up to 5 litres with cold water. Apply the solution around the based of the hydrangea. DO NOT OVERUSE as making the soil too acidic can result in damage to the roots. Check the pH and maintain it between 5.2 and 5.5.

HOW TO LOWER THE pH OF SOIL WITH ALUMINIUM SULPHATE

The aluminium sulphate should be applied to the garden as a liquid to realise a fast change in the pH. Before starting you need to know the pH of your soil. As a rule of thumb to reduce the pH by 1 point you need to apply 50g of aluminium sulphate for every square metre of soil. Ideally the aluminium sulphate needs to penetrate into the soil to be effective or you will be just acidifying the surface. One suggestion to aid penetration would be to spike the garden as you go along. For every 5 square metres of garden you need to apply 250g of the aluminium sulphate. Dissolve this in a litre of hot water by leaving it to sit for 15–30 minutes. Add to a watering can and top up with cold water. Apply this to the 5 sq m of garden.

Alternatively you could dig it into the soil again at a rate of 50g per square metre but this will take a lot longer to be effective as the sulphate is slow to dissolve.

HOW TO USE ALUMINIUM SULPHATE TO KILL SLUGS

Aluminium sulphate is effective for killing slugs by desiccating them (drying them out by absorbing water from the slime producing glands). As well as killing young slugs it acts as a deterrent keeping them away from plants. Apply the aluminium sulphate close to and around plants to be protected especially those most favoured by slugs, like Hostas. Apply the crystals at a rate of around 1kg per 40 square metres. Avoid touching the plants with the solid as this can cause them harm. Note: Kibbled aluminium sulphate contains some very large crystals and these should be broken up into smaller pieces by placing inside a towel or other material and carefully hitting with a hammer.

Another method for applying aluminium sulphate is as a solution. This is highly favoured by growers of delphiniums and is best applied in the winter and early spring. Make up a solution by dissolving around 100g of aluminium sulphate in 5 litres of warm / hot water. Allow to cool. Apply around the base of the plants by saturating the soil. Be careful to avoid spraying directly on plants. Repeat every few weeks. As aluminium sulphate acidifies the soil it may be necessary to apply some lime on treated soil to raise the pH again.

Health & safety

Risk phrases: R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

safety phrases: S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S28 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of: water. S37/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection. S38 In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment.

For more information see MSDS for Aluminium sulphate

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Where to buy aluminium sulphate online in UK

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